Semiconductors
Diodes
Various examples of Light-emitting diodes
Conduct electricity easily in one direction, among more specific behaviors.
Diode, Rectifier, Bridge rectifier
Schottky diode, hot carrier diode – super fast diode with lower forward voltage drop
Zener diode – Passes current in reverse direction to provide a constant voltage reference
Transient voltage suppression diode (TVS), Unipolar or Bipolar – used to absorb high-voltage spikes
Varactor, Tuning diode, Varicap, Variable capacitance diode – A diode whose AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied.
Light-emitting diode (LED) – A diode that emits light
Photodiode – Passes current in proportion to incident light
Avalanche photodiode Photodiode with internal gain
Solar Cell, photovoltaic cell, PV array or panel, produces power from light
DIAC (Diode for Alternating Current), Trigger Diode, SIDAC) – Often used to trigger an SCR
Constant-current diode
Peltier cooler – A semiconductor heat pump
Tunnel diode - very fast diode based on quantum mechanical tunneling